Publish/Subscribe API for PubNub Android SDK

The foundation of the PubNub service is the ability to send a message and have it delivered anywhere in less than 100ms. Send a message to just one other person, or broadcast to thousands of subscribers at once.

For higher-level conceptual details on publishing and subscribing, refer to Connection Management and to Publish Messages.

Publish

Description

The publish() function is used to send a message to all subscribers of a channel. To publish a message you must first specify a valid publishKey at initialization. A successfully published message is replicated across the PubNub Real-Time Network and sent simultaneously to all subscribed clients on a channel.

Messages in transit can be secured from potential eavesdroppers with SSL/TLS by setting ssl to true during initialization.

Publish Anytime

It's not required to be subscribed to a channel in order to publish to that channel.

Message Data

The message argument can contain any JSON serializable data, including: Objects, Arrays, Ints and Strings. data should not contain special Android V4 classes or functions as these will not serialize. String content can include any single-byte or multi-byte UTF-8 character.

Don't JSON serialize

It is important to note that you should not JSON serialize when sending signals/messages via PUBNUB. Why? Because the serialization is done for you automatically. Instead just pass the full object as the message payload. PubNub takes care of everything for you.

Message Size

The maximum number of characters per message is 32 KiB by default. The maximum message size is based on the final escaped character count, including the channel name. An ideal message size is under 1800 bytes which allows a message to be compressed and sent using single IP datagram (1.5 KiB) providing optimal network performance.

If the message you publish exceeds the configured size, you will receive the following message:

Message Too Large Error

["PUBLISHED",[0,"Message Too Large","13524237335750949"]]

For further details, check Calculating Message Payload Size Before Publish.

Message Publish Rate

Messages can be published as fast as bandwidth conditions will allow. There is a soft limit based on max throughput since messages will be discarded if the subscriber can't keep pace with the publisher.

For example, if 200 messages are published simultaneously before a subscriber has had a chance to receive any messages, the subscriber may not receive the first 100 messages because the message queue has a limit of only 100 messages stored in memory.

Publishing to Multiple Channels

It is not possible to publish a message to multiple channels simultaneously. The message must be published to one channel at a time.

Publishing Messages Reliably

There are some best practices to ensure messages are delivered when publishing to a channel:

Publish to any given channel in a serial manner (not concurrently).
Check that the return code is success (for example, [1,"Sent","136074940..."])
Publish the next message only after receiving a success return code.
If a failure code is returned ([0,"blah","<timetoken>"]), retry the publish.
Avoid exceeding the in-memory queue's capacity of 100 messages. An overflow situation (aka missed messages) can occur if slow subscribers fail to keep up with the publish pace in a given period of time.
Throttle publish bursts in accordance with your app's latency needs, for example, Publish no faster than 5 msgs per second to any one channel.

Method(s)

To Publish a message you can use the following method(s) in the Android V4 SDK:

this.pubnub.publish()
    .message(Object)
    .channel(String)
    .shouldStore(Boolean)
    .meta(Object)
    .queryParam(HashMap)
    .usePOST(Boolean)
    .ttl(Integer);

Parameter	Type	Required	Default	Description
`message`	Object	Yes		The payload.
`channel`	String	Yes		Destination of the `message`.
`shouldStore`	Boolean	Optional	`account default`	Store in history. If `shouldStore` is not specified, then the history configuration on the key is used.
`meta`	Object	Optional	Not set	`Meta` data object which can be used with the filtering ability.
`queryParam`	HashMap`<string,string>`	Optional	Not set	One or more query parameters to be passed to the server, for analytics purposes. Overridden in case of conflicts with reserved PubNub parameters, such as `uuid` or `instance_id`. Accessible from your PubNub Dashboard, and never returned in server responses.
`usePOST`	Boolean	Optional	`false`	Use POST to `publish`.
`ttl`	Integer	Optional		Set a per message time to live in Message Persistence. If `shouldStore` = `true`, and `ttl` = `0`, the message is stored with no expiry time. If `shouldStore` = `true` and `ttl` = `X` (`X` is an Integer value), the message is stored with an expiry time of `X` hours. If `shouldStore` = `false`, the `ttl` parameter is ignored. If `ttl` is not specified, then expiration of the message defaults back to the expiry value for the key.
`sync`	Command	Optional		Block the thread, exception thrown if something goes wrong.
`async`	PNCallback	Optional		`PNCallback` of type `PNPublishResult`

Basic Usage

Publish a message to a channel

JsonObject position = new JsonObject();
position.addProperty("lat", 32L);
position.addProperty("lng", 32L);

System.out.println("before pub: " + position);
pubnub.publish()
    .message(position)
    .channel("my_channel")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            // handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            // status.isError() to see if error happened
            if(!status.isError()) {
                System.out.println("pub timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
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Subscribe to the channel

Before running the above publish example, either using the Debug Console or in a separate script running in a separate terminal window, subscribe to the same channel that is being published to.

Returns

The publish() operation returns a PNPublishResult which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getTimetoken()`	Long	Returns a `long` representation of the timetoken when the message was published.

Other Examples

Publish with metadata

pubnub.publish()
    .message(Arrays.asList("hello", "there"))
    .channel("suchChannel")
    .shouldStore(true)
    .meta(<Object>) // optional meta data object which can be used with the filtering ability.
    .usePOST(true)
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            // handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            // status.isError to see if error happened
        }
    });

Publishing JsonObject (Google GSON)

JsonObject position = new JsonObject();
position.addProperty("lat", 32L);
position.addProperty("lng", 32L);

System.out.println("before pub: " + position);
pubnub.publish()
    .message(position)
    .channel("my_channel")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            // handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            // status.isError() to see if error happened
            if(!status.isError()) {
                System.out.println("pub timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
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Publishing JsonArray (Google GSON)

JsonArray position = new JsonArray();
position.add(32L);

System.out.println("before pub: " + position);
pubnub.publish()
    .message(position)
    .channel("my_channel")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            //  handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            //  status.isError to see if error happened
            if(!status.isError()) {
                System.out.println("pub timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
            }
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Publishing JSONObject (org.json)

JSONObject position = new JSONObject();
position.put("lat", 32L);
position.put("lng", 32L);

System.out.println("before pub: " + position);
pubnub.publish()
    .message(toMap(position))
    .channel("my_channel")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            // handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            // status.isError to see if error happened
            if(!status.isError()) {
                System.out.println("pub timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
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Helper Functions

public static Map<String, Object> toMap(JSONObject object) throws JSONException {
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    Iterator<String> keysItr = object.keys();
    while(keysItr.hasNext()) {
        String key = keysItr.next();
        Object value = object.get(key);

        if(value instanceof JSONArray) {
            value = toList((JSONArray) value);
        }

        else if(value instanceof JSONObject) {
            value = toMap((JSONObject) value);
        }
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Publishing JSONArray (org.json)

JSONArray position = new JSONArray();
position.put(32L);

System.out.println("before pub: " + position);
pubnub.publish()
    .message(toList(position))
    .channel("my_channel")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            //  handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            //  status.isError to see if error happened
            if(!status.isError()) {
                System.out.println("pub timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
            }
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Helper Functions

public static List<Object> toList(JSONArray array) throws JSONException {
    List<Object> list = new ArrayList<>();
    for(int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {
        Object value = array.get(i);
        if(value instanceof JSONArray) {
            value = toList((JSONArray) value);
        }

        else if(value instanceof JSONObject) {
            value = toMap((JSONObject) value);
        }
        list.add(value);
    }
    return list;
}

Store the published message for 10 hours

PNPublishResult result = pubnub.publish()
                                .channel("coolChannel")
                                .message("test")
                                .shouldStore(true)
                                .ttl(10)
                                .sync();

Fire

Description

The fire endpoint allows the client to send a message to Functions Event Handlers. These messages will go directly to any Event Handlers registered on the channel that you fire to and will trigger their execution. The content of the fired request will be available for processing within the Event Handler. The message sent via fire() isn't replicated, and so won't be received by any subscribers to the channel. The message is also not stored in history.

Method(s)

To Fire a message you can use the following method(s) in the Android V4 SDK:

this.pubnub.fire()
    .message(Object)
    .channel(String)
    .meta(Object)
    .usePOST(Boolean);

Parameter	Type	Required	Default	Description
`message`	Object	Yes		The payload.
`channel`	String	Yes		Destination of the `message`.
`meta`	Object	Optional	`Not set`	`Meta` data object which can be used with the filtering ability.
`usePOST`	Boolean	Optional	`false`	Use POST to `publish`.
`sync`	Command	Optional		Block the thread, exception thrown if something goes wrong.
`async`	PNCallback	Optional		`PNCallback` of type `PNPublishResult`

Basic Usage

Fire a message to a channel

pubnub.fire()
    .message(Arrays.asList("hello", "there"))
    .channel("my_channel")
    .usePOST(true)
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult result, PNStatus status) {
            if (status.isError()) {
                // something bad happened.
                System.out.println("error happened while publishing: " + status.toString());
            } else {
                System.out.println("publish worked! timetoken: " + result.getTimetoken());
            }
        }
    });

Signal

Description

The signal() function is used to send a signal to all subscribers of a channel.

By default, signals are limited to a message payload size of 64 bytes. This limit applies only to the payload, and not to the URI or headers. If you require a larger payload size, please contact support.

Method(s)

To Signal a message you can use the following method(s) in the Android V4 SDK:

this.pubnub.signal()
    .message(Object)
    .channel(String);

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
`message`	Object	Yes	The payload which will be serialized and sent.
`channel`	String	Yes	The `channel` which the signal will be sent to.
`sync`	PNPublishResult	Optional	Executes the call. Blocks the thread, exception is thrown if something goes wrong.
`async`	PNCallback`<PNPublishResult>`	Optional	Executes the call asynchronously.

Basic Usage

Signal a message to a channel

pubnub.signal()
    .message("Hello everyone!")
    .channel("bar")
    .async(new PNCallback<PNPublishResult>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(PNPublishResult pnPublishResult, PNStatus pnStatus) {
            if (pnStatus.isError()) {
                Long timetoken = pnPublishResult.getTimetoken(); // signal message timetoken
            } else {
                pnStatus.getErrorData().getThrowable().printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });

Response

The signal() operation returns a PNPublishResult object which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getTimetoken()`	Long	Returns a `long` representation of the timetoken when the signal was published.

Description

This function causes the client to create an open TCP socket to the PubNub Real-Time Network and begin listening for messages on a specified channel. To subscribe to a channel the client must send the appropriate subscribeKey at initialization.

By default a newly subscribed client will only receive messages published to the channel after the subscribe() call completes. If a client gets disconnected from a channel, it can automatically attempt to reconnect to that channel and retrieve any available messages that were missed during that period. This can be achieved by setting setReconnectionPolicy to PNReconnectionPolicy.LINEAR, when initializing the client.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Unsubscribing from all channels, and then subscribing to a new channel Y is not the same as subscribing to channel Y and then unsubscribing from the previously-subscribed channel(s). Unsubscribing from all channels resets the last-received timetoken and thus, there could be some gaps in the subscription that may lead to message loss.

Method(s)

To Subscribe to a channel you can use the following method(s) in the Android V4 SDK:

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Array)
    .channelGroups(Arrays)
    .withTimetoken(Long)
    .withPresence()
    .execute();

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
`channels`	Array	Optional	Subscribe to `channels`, Either `channel` or `channelGroup` is required
`channelGroups`	Array	Optional	Subscribe to `channel groups`, Either `channel` or `channelGroup` is required
`withTimetoken`	Long	Optional	Pass a `timetoken`
`withPresence()`	Command	Optional	Also subscribe to related presence information
`execute()`	Command	Yes	Command that will `execute` `subscribe`.

Basic Usage

Subscribe to a channel:

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("my_channel")) // subscribe to channels
    .execute();

Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Returns

`PNMessageResult`

PNMessageResult is returned in the Listeners.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNStatus which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getCategory()`	Enum of type `PNStatusCategory`.	Details of `PNStatusCategory` are here
`isError()`	Boolean	Is `true` in case of an error.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNMessageResult for messages which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getMessage()`	JsonElement	The message sent on the `channel`.
`getSubscription()`	String	The `channel group` or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
`getChannel()`	String	The `channel` for which the message belongs.
`getTimetoken()`	Long	`Timetoken` for the message.
`getUserMetadata()`	Object	User `metadata`.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNPresenceEventResult from presence which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getEvent()`	String	Events like `join`, `leave`, `timeout`, `state-change`, `interval`.
`getUuid()`	String	`UUID` for the event.
`getTimestamp()`	Long	`Timestamp` for the event.
`getOccupancy()`	Int	Current `occupancy`.
`getState()`	JsonElement	`State` of the `UUID`.
`getSubscription()`	String	The `channel group` or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
`getChannel()`	String	The `channel` for which the message belongs.
`getTimetoken()`	Long	`Timetoken` of the message.
`getUserMetadata()`	Object	User `metadata`.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNSignalResult for signals which contains the following operations:

Method	Type	Description
`getMessage()`	JsonElement	The signal sent on the `channel`.
`getSubscription()`	String	The `channel group` or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
`getChannel()`	String	The `channel` for which the signal belongs.
`getTimetoken()`	Long	`Timetoken` for the signal.
`getUserMetadata()`	Object	User `metadata`.

Other Examples

PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration();
// subscribeKey from admin panel
pnConfiguration.setSubscribeKey("my_subkey"); // required
// publishKey from admin panel (only required if publishing)
pnConfiguration.setPublishKey("my_pubkey");
pnConfiguration.setLogVerbosity(PNLogVerbosity.BODY);
PubNub pubnub = new PubNub(pnConfiguration);

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("my_channel")) // subscribe to channels information
    .execute();

Subscribing to multiple channels

It's possible to subscribe to more than one channel using the Multiplexing feature. The example shows how to do that using an array to specify the channel names.

Alternative subscription methods

You can also use Wildcard Subscribe and Channel Groups to subscribe to multiple channels at a time. To use these features, the Stream Controller add-on must be enabled on your keyset in the Admin Portal.

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("my_channel1","my_channel2" )) // subscribe to channels information
    .execute();

Subscribing to a Presence channel

Requires Message Persistence

This method requires that Message Persistence is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

For any given channel there is an associated Presence channel. You can subscribe directly to the channel by appending -pnpres to the channel name. For example the channel named my_channel would have the presence channel named my_channel-pnpres. Presence data can be observed inside the SubscribeCallback#message(PubNub, PNMessageResult) callback.

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("my_channel")) // subscribe to channels
    .withPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .execute();

Sample Responses

Join Event

if (presence.getEvent().equals("join")) {
    presence.getUuid(); // 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
    presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
}

Leave Event

if (presence.getEvent().equals("leave")) {
    presence.getUuid(); // 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
    presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
}

Timeout Event

if (presence.getEvent().equals("timeout")) {
    presence.getUuid(); // 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
    presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
}

Custom Presence Event (State Change)

{
    "action": "state-change",
    "uuid": "76c2c571-9a2b-d074-b4f8-e93e09f49bd",
    "timestamp": 1345549797,
    "data": {
        "isTyping": true
    }
}

Interval Event

if (presence.getEvent().equals("interval")) {
    presence.getUuid(); // 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
    presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
}

When a channel is in interval mode with presence_deltas pnconfig flag enabled, the interval message may also include the following fields which contain an array of changed UUIDs since the last interval message. This settings can be altered in the Admin Portal

joined
left
timedout

For example, this interval message indicates there were 2 new UUIDs that joined and 1 timed out UUID since the last interval:

if (presence.getEvent().equals("interval")) {
    presence.getTimestamp(); // <unix timestamp>
    presence.getOccupancy(); // <# users in channel>
    presence.getJoin(); // ["uuid1", "uuid2"]
    presence.getTimeout(); // ["uuid3"]
}

If the full interval message is greater than 30KB (since the max publish payload is ∼32KB), none of the extra fields will be present. Instead there will be a here_now_refresh boolean field set to true. This indicates to the user that they should do a hereNow request to get the complete list of users present in the channel.

if (presence.getEvent().equals("interval")) {
    presence.getTimestamp(); // <unix timestamp>
    presence.getOccupancy(); // <# users in channel>
    presence.getHereNowRefresh() // true
}

Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal (with Enable Wildcard Subscribe checked). Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Wildcard subscribes allow the client to subscribe to multiple channels using wildcard. For example, if you subscribe to a.* you will get all messages for a.b, a.c, a.x. The wildcarded * portion refers to any portion of the channel string name after the dot (.).

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("foo.*")) // subscribe to channels information
    .execute();

Wildcard grants and revokes

Only one level (a.*) of wildcarding is supported. If you grant on * or a.b.*, the grant will treat * or a.b.* as a single channel named either * or a.b.*. You can also revoke permissions from multiple channels using wildcards but only if you previously granted permissions using the same wildcards. Wildcard revokes, similarly to grants, only work one level deep, like a.*.

Subscribing with State

Requires Presence add-on

This method requires that the Presence add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Required `UUID`

Always set the UUID to uniquely identify the user or device that connects to PubNub. This UUID should be persisted, and should remain unchanged for the lifetime of the user or the device. If you don't set the UUID, you won't be able to connect to PubNub.

PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration();
pnConfiguration.setSubscribeKey("demo");
pnConfiguration.setPublishKey("demo");

class complexData {
    String fieldA;
    int fieldB;
}

PubNub pubnub= new PubNub(pnConfiguration);

pubnub.addListener(new SubscribeCallback() {
    @Override
    public void status(PubNub pubnub, PNStatus status) {
        if (status.getCategory() == PNStatusCategory.PNConnectedCategory){
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Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("ch1", "ch2")) // subscribe to channels
    .channelGroups(Arrays.asList("cg1", "cg2")) // subscribe to channel groups
    .withTimetoken(1337L) // optional, pass a timetoken
    .withPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .execute();

Requires Stream Controller and Presence add-ons

This method requires both the Stream Controller and Presence add-ons are enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.subscribe()
    .channelGroups(Arrays.asList("cg1", "cg2")) // subscribe to channel groups
    .withTimetoken(1337L) // optional, pass a timetoken
    .withPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .execute();

Unsubscribe

Description

When subscribed to a single channel, this function causes the client to issue a leave from the channel and close any open socket to the PubNub Network. For multiplexed channels, the specified channel(s) will be removed and the socket remains open until there are no more channels remaining in the list.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Method(s)

To Unsubscribe from a channel you can use the following method(s) in the Android V4 SDK:

pubnub.unsubscribe()
    .channels(Array)
    .channelGroups(Array)
    .execute();

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
`channels`	Array	Optional	Unsubscribe to `channels`, Either `channel` or `channelGroup` is required
`channelGroups`	Array	Optional	Unsubscribe to channel groups, Either `channel` or `channelGroup` is required
`execute()`	Command	Yes	Command that will `execute` `unsubscribe`.

Basic Usage

Unsubscribe from a channel:

pubnub.unsubscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("my_channel"))
    .execute();

Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Response

The output below demonstrates the response to a successful call:

@Override
public void presence(PubNub pubnub, PNPresenceEventResult presence) {
    if (presence.getEvent().equals("leave")) {
        presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
        presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
        presence.getUuid(); // left_uuid
    }
}

Other Examples

Unsubscribing from multiple channels

Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.unsubscribe()
    .channels(Arrays.asList("ch1", "ch2", "ch3"))
    .channelGroups(Arrays.asList("cg1", "cg2", "cg3"))
    .execute();

Example Response

@Override
public void presence(PubNub pubnub, PNPresenceEventResult presence) {
    if (presence.getEvent().equals("leave")) {
        presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
        presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
        presence.getUuid(); // left_uuid
    }
}

Unsubscribe from a channel group

pubnub.unsubscribe()
    .channelGroups(Arrays.asList("cg1", "cg2", "cg3"))
    .execute();

Example Response

@Override
public void presence(PubNub pubnub, PNPresenceEventResult presence) {
    if (presence.getEvent().equals("leave")) {
        presence.getTimestamp(); // 1345546797
        presence.getOccupancy(); // 2
        presence.getUuid(); // left_uuid
    }
}

Unsubscribe All

Description

Unsubscribe from all channels and all channel groups

Method(s)

public final void unsubscribeAll()

Basic Usage

pubnub.unsubscribeAll();

Returns

None

Listeners

Description

You can be notified of connectivity status, message and presence notifications via the listeners.

Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Adding Listeners

pubnub.addListener(new SubscribeCallback() {
    // PubNub status
    @Override
    public void status(PubNub pubnub, PNStatus status) {
        switch (status.getOperation()) {
            // combine unsubscribe and subscribe handling for ease of use
            case PNSubscribeOperation:
            case PNUnsubscribeOperation:
                // Note: subscribe statuses never have traditional errors,
                // just categories to represent different issues or successes
                // that occur as part of subscribe
                switch (status.getCategory()) {
                    case PNConnectedCategory:
                        // No error or issue whatsoever.
                    case PNReconnectedCategory:
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Removing Listeners

SubscribeCallback subscribeCallback = new SubscribeCallback() {
    @Override
    public void status(PubNub pubnub, PNStatus status) {

    }

    @Override
    public void message(PubNub pubnub, PNMessageResult message) {

    }

    @Override
    public void presence(PubNub pubnub, PNPresenceEventResult presence) {

    }
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Handling Disconnects

SubscribeCallback subscribeCallback = new SubscribeCallback() {
    @Override
    public void status(PubNub pubnub, PNStatus status) {
        if (status.getCategory() == PNStatusCategory.PNUnexpectedDisconnectCategory) {
            // internet got lost, do some magic and call reconnect when ready
            pubnub.reconnect();
        } else if (status.getCategory() == PNStatusCategory.PNTimeoutCategory) {
            // do some magic and call reconnect when ready
            pubnub.reconnect();
        } else {
            log.error(status);
        }
    }

    @Override
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Listener status events

Category	Description
`PNNetworkUpCategory`	The SDK detected that the network is online.
`PNNetworkDownCategory`	The SDK announces this when a connection isn't available, or when the SDK isn't able to reach the PubNub Data Stream Network.
`PNNetworkIssuesCategory`	A subscribe event experienced an exception when running. The SDK isn't able to reach the PubNub Data Stream Network. This may be due to many reasons, such as: the machine or device isn't connected to the internet; the internet connection has been lost; your internet service provider is having trouble; or, perhaps the SDK is behind a proxy.
`PNReconnectedCategory`	The SDK was able to reconnect to PubNub.
`PNConnectedCategory`	SDK subscribed with a new mix of channels. This is fired every time the channel or channel group mix changes.
`PNAccessDeniedCategory`	Access Manager permission failure.
`PNMalformedResponseCategory`	JSON parsing crashed.
`PNBadRequestCategory`	The server responded with a bad response error because the request is malformed.
`PNDecryptionErrorCategory`	If using decryption strategies and the decryption fails.
`PNTimeoutCategory`	Failure to establish a connection to PubNub due to a timeout.
`PNRequestMessageCountExceedCategory`	The SDK announces this error if `requestMessageCountThreshold` is set, and the number of messages received from PubNub (in-memory cache messages) exceeds the threshold.
`PNUnknownCategory`	Returned when the subscriber gets a non-200 HTTP response code from the server.

Publish​

Description​

Publish Anytime​

Message Data​

Don't JSON serialize

Message Size​

Message Too Large Error​

Message Publish Rate​

Publishing to Multiple Channels​

Publishing Messages Reliably​

Method(s)​

Basic Usage​

Publish a message to a channel​

Subscribe to the channel

Returns​

Other Examples​

Publish with metadata​

Publishing JsonObject (Google GSON)​

Publishing JsonArray (Google GSON)​

Publishing JSONObject (org.json)​

Helper Functions​

Publishing JSONArray (org.json)​

Helper Functions​

Store the published message for 10 hours​

Fire​

Description​

Method(s)​

Basic Usage​

Fire a message to a channel​

Signal​

Description​

Method(s)​

Basic Usage​

Signal a message to a channel​

Response​

Subscribe​

Description​

Unsubscribing from all channels

Method(s)​

Basic Usage​

Event listeners

Returns​

PNMessageResult

Other Examples​

Basic subscribe with logging​

Subscribing to multiple channels​

Alternative subscription methods

Subscribing to a Presence channel​

Requires Message Persistence

Sample Responses​

Join Event​

Leave Event​

Timeout Event​

Custom Presence Event (State Change)​

Interval Event​

Wildcard subscribe to channels​

Requires Stream Controller add-on

Wildcard grants and revokes

Subscribing with State​

Requires Presence add-on

Required UUID

Subscribe to a channel group​

Requires Stream Controller add-on

Subscribe to the presence channel of a channel group​

Requires Stream Controller and Presence add-ons

Unsubscribe​

Description​

Unsubscribing from all channels

Method(s)​

Basic Usage​

Event listeners

Response​

Other Examples​

Unsubscribing from multiple channels​

Requires Stream Controller add-on

Example Response​

Unsubscribe from a channel group​

Example Response​

Unsubscribe All​

Description​

Publish

Description

Publish Anytime

Message Data

Message Size

Message Too Large Error

Message Publish Rate

Publishing to Multiple Channels

Publishing Messages Reliably

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Publish a message to a channel

Returns

Other Examples

Publish with metadata

Publishing JsonObject (Google GSON)

Publishing JsonArray (Google GSON)

Publishing JSONObject (org.json)

Helper Functions

Publishing JSONArray (org.json)

Helper Functions

Store the published message for 10 hours

Fire

Description

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Fire a message to a channel

Signal

Description

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Signal a message to a channel

Response

Subscribe

Description

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Returns

`PNMessageResult`

Other Examples

Basic subscribe with logging

Subscribing to multiple channels

Subscribing to a Presence channel

Sample Responses

Join Event

Leave Event

Timeout Event

Custom Presence Event (State Change)

Interval Event

Wildcard subscribe to channels

Subscribing with State

Required `UUID`

Subscribe to a channel group

Subscribe to the presence channel of a channel group

Unsubscribe

Description

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Response

Other Examples

Unsubscribing from multiple channels

Example Response

Unsubscribe from a channel group

Example Response

Unsubscribe All

Description

Method(s)

Basic Usage

Returns

Listeners

Description

Adding Listeners

Removing Listeners

Handling Disconnects

Listener status events