App and Listener Setup

In this document you'll learn how to set up your app and add a generic event listener that can be used for any use case.

Concepts

There are two important concepts that require your attention before you start setting up your application.

UUIDs

You can use one UUID to represent a user on all their devices, or use one UUID per client. If you allow a user to connect from multiple devices simultaneously, use the same UUID for each device, as PubNub features such as Presence, which determine's a user's online status, rely on UUIDs.

For client-side SDKs, the client should obtain the user's UUID from the server after the user successfully logs in to your system. Please read User Identity & UUID Management for more details.

Access Control

Access Manager provides application-layer security through Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to your PubNub implementation. If you think you'll need RBAC in the future, please plan ahead. PubNub provides you with a secret key meant to be used by your servers for any admin and secure interactions with PubNub. Refer to Access Control for more info.

Application Setup

Before you can use PubNub in your app, you'll need to install (or include) a PubNub SDK in your app, initialize (instantiate) a PubNub object, and add listeners for all the events that happen on the PubNub network.

Include or install

Each platform and language has different, and sometimes several, ways of getting the PubNub SDK into your app.

JavaScript

Swift

Objective-C

Android

C#

Python

Go to SDK

// Using the PubNub CDN, add the SDK to your web application.

<script src="https://cdn.pubnub.com/sdk/javascript/pubnub.4.29.9.js"></script>

// If you're using the PubNub Node.js SDK, use the command `npm install pubnub`

To integrate PubNub into your Xcode project using Swift Package Manager, specify it in the dependencies list of your Package.swift file:

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dependencies: [
  .package(url: "https://github.com/pubnub/swift.git", from: "3.1.0")
]

Or, in Xcode, navigate to File > Swift Packages > Add Package Dependency, then enter https://github.com/pubnub/swift.git for the package repository URL. You can use defaults for the remaining steps.

CocoaPods is the easiest way to install the PubNub Objective-C SDK in your iOS app. (Check the Objective-C SDK documentation for other installation options, and the latest SDK version.)

1. In the project's root folder, create a Podfile using pod init (requires CocoaPods 1.0.0 or above).

2. Open Podfile in an editor. Add pod "PubNub", "~> 4" to the target section, and replace MyObjcProject with your project name.

   Go to SDK

   platform :ios, '9.0' # (or '10.0')
   
   target 'MyObjcProject' do
     use_frameworks!
     pod "PubNub", "~> 4"
   end
   

3. In the same directory as the Podfile, enter the command: pod install.

4. In Xcode, open the workspace (.xcworkspace) file, not the project (.xcodeproj) file.

You can include the PubNub Android SDK using Gradle.

1. Insert the PubNub implementation group dependency at the end of the dependencies section in build.gradle (Module: app) under the Gradle Scripts folder of your project. Your list of existing dependencies may differ.

   Go to SDK

   dependencies {
     // some existing dependencies
     implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
   
     // add PubNub Android-Java SDK here at the bottom
     implementation group: 'com.pubnub', name: 'pubnub-gson', version: '4.+'
   }
   

2. Click Sync Now in the top right of the Android Studio file editor window.

3. In your project's manifests folder, add the following permissions to AndroidManifest.xml:

   <manifest>
     ...existing content...
   
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
   </manifest>
   

You can also use Maven, or download the latest version of the Android SDK JAR file from the Android SDK documentation to add to your IDE or build process.

For the latest version, refer to the C# SDK documentation.

To install the many flavors of the C# SDK, refer to the following links for different package managers:

C# 3.5/4.0/4.5/4.61: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Pubnub/4.6.0.0

Universal Windows: https://www.nuget.org/packages/PubnubUWP/4.6.0.0

Xamarin.Android, Xamarin.iOS, and .NET Core/.NET Standard: https://www.nuget.org/packages/PubnubPCL/4.6.0.0

The simplest way to install the PubNub Python SDK is with pip:

Go to SDK

pip install 'pubnub>=4.6.0'

Initialize a PubNub object

Now, initialize (instantiate) a PubNub object using your own publish and subscribe keys. If you don't yet have a PubNub account, go to the Admin Portal to create your free account and API keys. You'll use them in this and all other sample code that uses the myPublishKey and mySubscribeKey placeholders.

JavaScript

Swift

Objective-C

Android

C#

Python

Go to SDK

<script type="text/javascript">
  var pubnub = new PubNub({
      publishKey: "myPublishKey",
      subscribeKey: "mySubscribeKey",
      uuid: "theClientUUID"
  });
<script>

Go to SDK

import PubNub

var pnconfig = PubNubConfiguration(
  publishKey: "myPublishKey",
  subscribeKey: "mySubscribeKey"
)

pnconfig.uuid = "theClientUUID"
let pubnub = PubNub(configuration: pnconfig)

Go to SDK

#import <PubNub/PubNub.h>

PNConfiguration *pnconfig = [PNConfiguration configurationWithPublishKey:@"myPublishKey"
                                             subscribeKey:@"mySubscribeKey"];
pnconfig.uuid = "theClientUUID";
PubNub *pubnub = [PubNub clientWithConfiguration:pnconfig];

Go to SDK

import com.pubnub.api;

PNConfiguration pnconfig = new PNConfiguration();
pnconfig.setPublishKey("myPublishKey");
pnconfig.setSubscribeKey("mySubscribeKey");
pnconfig.setUuid("theClientUUID");

PubNub pubnub = new PubNub(pnconfig);

Go to SDK

using PubnubApi;

PNConfiguration pnconfig = new PNConfiguration();
pnconfig.PublishKey = "myPublishKey";
pnconfig.SubscribeKey = "mySubscribeKey";
pnconfig.Uuid = "theClientUUID";

Pubnub pubnub = new Pubnub(pnconfig);

Go to SDK

from pubnub.pnconfiguration import PNConfiguration
from pubnub.pubnub import PubNub

pnconfig = PNConfiguration()
pnconfig.publish_key = "myPublishKey"
pnconfig.subscribe_key = "mySubscribeKey"
pnconfig.uuid = "theClientUUID"

pubnub = PubNub(pnconfig)

At this point, you can start calling PubNub operations using the pubnub object.

Adding a Listener

The messages and events are received in your app using a listener. This listener allows a single point to receive all messages, signals, and events. Each type of message or event has its own handler to receive them where you implement your custom app logic to do something useful with them.

Below is the complete list of handlers available to you:

JavaScript

Swift

Objective-C

Android

C#

Go

Python

Go to SDK

pubnub.addListener({
    message: function(m) {
        // handle message
        var channelName = m.channel; // The channel to which the message was published
        var channelGroup = m.subscription; // The channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        var pubTT = m.timetoken; // Publish timetoken
        var msg = m.message; // The Payload
        var publisher = m.publisher; //The Publisher
    },
    presence: function(p) {
        // handle presence
        var action = p.action; // Can be join, leave, state-change, or timeout
        var channelName = p.channel; // The channel to which the message was published
        var occupancy = p.occupancy; // Number of users subscribed to the channel
        var state = p.state; // User State
        var channelGroup = p.subscription; //  The channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        var publishTime = p.timestamp; // Publish timetoken
        var timetoken = p.timetoken;  // Current timetoken
        var uuid = p.uuid; // UUIDs of users who are subscribed to the channel
    },
    signal: function(s) {
        // handle signal
        var channelName = s.channel; // The channel to which the signal was published
        var channelGroup = s.subscription; // The channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        var pubTT = s.timetoken; // Publish timetoken
        var msg = s.message; // The Payload
        var publisher = s.publisher; //The Publisher
    },
    objects: (objectEvent) => {
        var channel = objectEvent.channel; // The channel
        var channelGroup = objectEvent.subscription; // The channel group
        var timetoken = objectEvent.timetoken; // The event timetoken
        var publisher = objectEvent.publisher; // The UUID that triggered this event
        var event = objectEvent.event; // The event name that occurred
        var type = objectEvent.type; // The event type that occurred
        var data = objectEvent.data; // The event data that occurred
    },
    messageAction: function(ma) {
        // handle message action
        var channelName = ma.channel; // The channel to which the message was published
        var publisher = ma.publisher; //The Publisher
        var event = ma.message.event; // message action added or removed
        var type = ma.message.data.type; // message action type
        var value = ma.message.data.value; // message action value
        var messageTimetoken = ma.message.data.messageTimetoken; // The timetoken of the original message
        var actionTimetoken = ma.message.data.actionTimetoken; // The timetoken of the message action
    },
    file: function (event) {
        const channelName = event.channel; // Channel to which the file belongs
        const channelGroup = event.subscription; // Channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        const publisher = event.publisher; // File publisher
        const timetoken = event.timetoken; // Event timetoken
        const message = event.message; // Optional message attached to the file
        const fileId = event.file.id; // File unique id
        const fileName = event.file.name;// File name
        const fileUrl = event.file.url; // File direct URL
    },
    status: function(s) {
        var affectedChannelGroups = s.affectedChannelGroups; // The channel groups affected in the operation, of type array.
        var affectedChannels = s.affectedChannels; // The channels affected in the operation, of type array.
        var category = s.category; //Returns PNConnectedCategory
        var operation = s.operation; //Returns PNSubscribeOperation
        var lastTimetoken = s.lastTimetoken; //The last timetoken used in the subscribe request, of type long.
        var currentTimetoken = s.currentTimetoken; //The current timetoken fetched in the subscribe response, which is going to be used in the next request, of type long.
        var subscribedChannels = s.subscribedChannels; //All the current subscribed channels, of type array.
    },
});

Go to SDK

// Create a new listener instance
let listener = SubscriptionListener()

// Add listener event callbacks
listener.didReceiveSubscription = { event in
  switch event {
  case let .messageReceived(message):
    print("Message Received: \(message) Publisher: \(message.publisher ?? "defaultUUID")")
  case let .connectionStatusChanged(status):
    print("Status Received: \(status)")
  case let .presenceChanged(presence):
    print("Presence Received: \(presence)")
  case let .subscribeError(error):
    print("Subscription Error \(error)")
  default:
    break
  }
}

// Start receiving subscription events
pubnub.add(listener)

Go to SDK

// Listener's class should conform to `PNEventsListener` protocol
// in order to have access to available callbacks.

// Adding listener.
[pubnub addListener:self];

// Callbacks listed below.

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveMessage:(PNMessageResult *)message {
    NSString *channel = message.data.channel; // Channel on which the message has been published
    NSString *subscription = message.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSNumber *timetoken = message.data.timetoken; // Publish timetoken
    id msg = message.data.message; // Message payload
    NSString *publisher = message.data.publisher; // Message publisher
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveSignal:(PNSignalResult *)signal {
    NSString *channel = message.data.channel; // Channel on which the signal has been published
    NSString *subscription = message.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSNumber *timetoken = message.data.timetoken; // Signal timetoken
    id msg = message.data.message; // Signal payload
    NSString *publisher = message.data.publisher; // Signal publisher
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveMessageAction:(PNMessageActionResult *)action {
    NSString *channel = action.data.channel; // Channel on which the message has been published
    NSString *subscription = action.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSString *event = action.data.event; // Can be: added or removed
    NSString *type = action.data.action.type; // Message action type
    NSString *value = action.data.action.value; // Message action value
    NSNumber *messageTimetoken = action.data.action.messageTimetoken; // Timetoken of the original message
    NSNumber *actionTimetoken = action.data.action.actionTimetoken; // Timetoken of the message action
    NSString *uuid = action.data.action.uuid; // UUID of user which added / removed message action
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceivePresenceEvent:(PNPresenceEventResult *)event {
    NSString *channel = message.data.channel; // Channel on which presence changes
    NSString *subscription = message.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSString *presenceEvent = event.data.presenceEvent; // Can be: join, leave, state-change, timeout or interval
    NSNumber *occupancy = event.data.presence.occupancy; // Number of users subscribed to the channel (not available for state-change event)
    NSNumber *timetoken = event.data.presence.timetoken; // Presence change timetoken
    NSString *uuid = event.data.presence.uuid; // UUID of user for which presence change happened

    // Only for 'state-change' event
    NSDictionary *state = event.data.presence.state; // User state (only for state-change event)

    // Only for 'interval' event
    NSArray<NSString *> *join = event.data.presence.join; // UUID of users which recently joined channel
    NSArray<NSString *> *leave = event.data.presence.leave; // UUID of users which recently leaved channel
    NSArray<NSString *> *timeout = event.data.presence.timeout; // UUID of users which recently timed out on channel
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveObjectEvent:(PNObjectEventResult *)event {
    NSString *channel = event.data.channel; // Channel to which the event belongs
    NSString *subscription = event.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSString *event = event.data.event; // Can be: set or delete
    NSString *type = event.data.type; // Entity type: channel, uuid or membership
    NSNumber *timestamp = event.data.timestamp; // Event timestamp

    PNChannelMetadata *channelMetadata = event.data.channelMetadata; // Updated channel metadata (only for channel entity type)
    PNUUIDMetadata *uuidMetadata = event.data.uuidMetadata; // Updated channel metadata (only for uuid entity type)
    PNMembership *membership = event.data.membership; // Updated channel metadata (only for membership entity type)
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveFileEvent:(PNFileEventResult *)event {
    NSString *channel = event.data.channel; // Channel to which file has been uploaded
    NSString *subscription = event.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    id message = event.data.message; // Message added for uploaded file
    NSString *publisher = event.data.publisher; // UUID of file uploader
    NSURL *fileDownloadURL = event.data.file.downloadURL; // URL which can be used to download file
    NSString *fileIdentifier = event.data.file.identifier; // Unique file identifier
    NSString *fileName = event.data.file.name; // Name with which file has been stored remotely
}

- (void)client:(PubNub *)pubnub didReceiveStatus:(PNStatus *)status {
    PNStatusCategory category = status.category; // One of PNStatusCategory fields to identify status of operation processing
    PNOperationType operation = status.operation; // One of PNOperationType fields to identify for which operation status received
    BOOL isError = status.isError; // Whether any kind of error happened.
    NSInteger statusCode = status.statusCode; // Related request processing status code
    BOOL isTLSEnabled = status.isTLSEnabled; // Whether secured connection enabled
    NSString *uuid = status.uuid; // UUID which configured for passed client
    NSString *authKey = status.authKey; // Auth key configured for passed client
    NSString *origin = status.origin; // Origin against which request has been sent
    NSURLRequest *clientRequest = status.clientRequest; // Request which has been used to send last request (may be nil)
    BOOL willAutomaticallyRetry = status.willAutomaticallyRetry; // Whether client will try to perform automatic retry

    // Following is available when operation == PNSubscribeOperation,
    // because status is PNSubscribeStatus instance in this case
    PNSubscribeStatus *subscribeStatus = (PNSubscribeStatus *)status;
    NSNumber *currentTimetoken = subscribeStatus.currentTimetoken; // Timetoken which has been used for current subscribe request
    NSNumber *lastTimeToken = subscribeStatus.lastTimeToken; // Timetoken which has been used for previous subscribe request
    NSArray<NSString *> *subscribedChannels = subscribeStatus.subscribedChannels; // List of channels on which client currently subscribed
    NSArray<NSString *> *subscribedChannelGroups = subscribeStatus.subscribedChannelGroups; // List of channel groups on which client currently subscribed
    NSString *channel = subscribeStatus.data.channel; // Name of channel to which status has been received
    NSString *subscription = subscribeStatus.data.subscription; // Wild-card channel or channel on which PubNub client actually subscribed
    NSNumber *timetoken = subscribeStatus.data.timetoken; // Timetoken at which event arrived
    NSDictionary *userMetadata = subscribeStatus.data.userMetadata; // Metadata / envelope which has been passed along with event

    // Following is available when isError == YES,
    // because status is PNErrorStatus instance in this case
    PNErrorStatus *errorStatus = (PNErrorStatus *)status;
    id associatedObject = errorStatus.associatedObject; // Data which may contain related information (not decrypted message for example)
    NSArray<NSString *> *erroredChannels = errorStatus.errorData.channels; // List of channels for which error reported (mostly because of PAM)
    NSArray<NSString *> *erroredChannelGroups = errorStatus.errorData.channelGroups; // List of channel groups for which error reported (mostly because of PAM)
    NSString *errorInformation = errorStatus.errorData.information; // Stringified information about error
    id errorData = errorStatus.errorData.data; // Additional error information from PubNub service
}

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// SubscribeCallback is an Abstract Java class. It requires that you
// implement all Abstract methods of the parent class even if you don't
// need all the handler methods.


pubnub.addListener(new SubscribeCallback() {
    // PubNub status
    @Override
    public void status(PubNub pubnub, PNStatus status) {
        switch (status.getOperation()) {
            // combine unsubscribe and subscribe handling for ease of use
            case PNSubscribeOperation:
            case PNUnsubscribeOperation:
                // Note: subscribe statuses never have traditional errors,
                // just categories to represent different issues or successes
                // that occur as part of subscribe
                switch (status.getCategory()) {
                    case PNConnectedCategory:
                        // No error or issue whatsoever.
                    case PNReconnectedCategory:
                        // Subscribe temporarily failed but reconnected.
                        // There is no longer any issue.
                    case PNDisconnectedCategory:
                        // No error in unsubscribing from everything.
                    case PNUnexpectedDisconnectCategory:
                        // Usually an issue with the internet connection.
                        // This is an error: handle appropriately.
                    case PNAccessDeniedCategory:
                        // PAM does not allow this client to subscribe to this
                        // channel and channel group configuration. This is
                        // another explicit error.
                    default:
                        // You can directly specify more errors by creating
                        // explicit cases for other error categories of
                        // `PNStatusCategory` such as `PNTimeoutCategory` or
                        // `PNMalformedFilterExpressionCategory` or
                        // `PNDecryptionErrorCategory`.
                }

            case PNHeartbeatOperation:
                // Heartbeat operations can in fact have errors,
                // so it's important to check first for an error.
                // For more information on how to configure heartbeat notifications
                // through the status PNObjectEventListener callback, refer to
                // /docs/sdks/java/android/api-reference/configuration#configuration_basic_usage
                if (status.isError()) {
                    // There was an error with the heartbeat operation, handle here
                } else {
                    // heartbeat operation was successful
                }
            default: {
                // Encountered unknown status type
            }
        }
    }

    // Messages
    @Override
    public void message(PubNub pubnub, PNMessageResult message) {
        String messagePublisher = message.getPublisher();
        System.out.println("Message publisher: " + messagePublisher);
        System.out.println("Message Payload: " + message.getMessage());
        System.out.println("Message Subscription: " + message.getSubscription());
        System.out.println("Message Channel: " + message.getChannel());
        System.out.println("Message timetoken: " + message.getTimetoken());
    }

    // Presence
    @Override
    public void presence(@NotNull PubNub pubnub, @NotNull PNPresenceEventResult presence) {
        System.out.println("Presence Event: " + presence.getEvent());
        // Can be join, leave, state-change or timeout

        System.out.println("Presence Channel: " + presence.getChannel());
        // The channel to which the message was published

        System.out.println("Presence Occupancy: " + presence.getOccupancy());
        // Number of users subscribed to the channel

        System.out.println("Presence State: " + presence.getState());
        // User state

        System.out.println("Presence UUID: " + presence.getUuid());
        // UUID to which this event is related

        presence.getJoin();
        // List of users that have joined the channel (if event is 'interval')

        presence.getLeave();
        // List of users that have left the channel (if event is 'interval')

        presence.getTimeout();
        // List of users that have timed-out off the channel (if event is 'interval')

        presence.getHereNowRefresh();
        // Indicates to the client that it should call 'hereNow()' to get the
        // complete list of users present in the channel.
    }

    // Signals
    @Override
    public void signal(PubNub pubnub, PNSignalResult pnSignalResult) {
        System.out.println("Signal publisher: " + signal.getPublisher());
        System.out.println("Signal payload: " + signal.getMessage());
        System.out.println("Signal subscription: " + signal.getSubscription());
        System.out.println("Signal channel: " + signal.getChannel());
        System.out.println("Signal timetoken: " + signal.getTimetoken());
    }

    // Message actions
    @Override
    public void messageAction(PubNub pubnub, PNMessageActionResult pnActionResult) {
        PNMessageAction pnMessageAction = pnActionResult.getAction();
        System.out.println("Message action type: " + pnMessageAction.getType());
        System.out.println("Message action value: " + pnMessageAction.getValue());
        System.out.println("Message action uuid: " + pnMessageAction.getUuid());
        System.out.println("Message action actionTimetoken: " + pnMessageAction.getActionTimetoken());
        System.out.println("Message action messageTimetoken: " + pnMessageAction.getMessageTimetoken());]
        System.out.println("Message action subscription: " + pnActionResult.getSubscription());
        System.out.println("Message action channel: " + pnActionResult.getChannel());
        System.out.println("Message action timetoken: " + pnActionResult.getTimetoken());
    }

    // Files
    @Override
    public void file(PubNub pubnub, PNFileEventResult pnFileEventResult) {
        System.out.println("File channel: " + pnFileEventResult.getChannel());
        System.out.println("File publisher: " + pnFileEventResult.getPublisher());
        System.out.println("File message: " + pnFileEventResult.getMessage());
        System.out.println("File timetoken: " + pnFileEventResult.getTimetoken());
        System.out.println("File file.id: " + pnFileEventResult.getFile().getId());
        System.out.println("File file.name: " + pnFileEventResult.getFile().getName());
        System.out.println("File file.url: " + pnFileEventResult.getFile().getUrl());
    }
});

Go to SDK

pubnub.AddListener(new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    // Messages
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNMessageResult<object> pubMsg)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(pubMsg));
        var channelName = pubMsg.Channel;
        var channelGroupName = pubMsg.Subscription;
        var pubTT = pubMsg.Timetoken;
        var msg = pubMsg.Message;
        var publisher = pubMsg.Publisher;
    },
    // Presence
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNPresenceEventResult presenceEvnt)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(presenceEvnt));
        var action = presenceEvnt.Event; // Can be join, leave, state-change or timeout
        var channelName = presenceEvnt.Channel; // The channel to which the message belongs
        var occupancy = presenceEvnt.Occupancy; // Number of users connected with the channel
        var state = presenceEvnt.State; // User State
        var channelGroupName = presenceEvnt.Subscription; // The channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        var publishTime = presenceEvnt.Timestamp; // Publish timetoken
        var timetoken = presenceEvnt.Timetoken;  // Current timetoken
        var uuid = presenceEvnt.Uuid; // UUIDs of users who are connected with the channel
    },
    // Signals
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNSignalResult<object> signalMsg)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(signalMsg));
        var channelName = signalMsg.Channel; // The channel to which the signal belongs
        var channelGroupName = signalMsg.Subscription; // The channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists)
        var pubTT = signalMsg.Timetoken; // Publish timetoken
        var msg = signalMsg.Message; // The Payload
        var publisher = signalMsg.Publisher; //The Publisher
    },
    // Objects
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNObjectEventResult objectEventObj)
    {
        var channelName = objectEventObj.Channel; // Channel
        var channelMetadata = objectEventObj.ChannelMetadata; //Channel Metadata
        var uidMetadata = objectEventObj.UuidMetadata; // UUID metadata
        var evnt = objectEventObj.Event; // Event
        var type = objectEventObj.Type; // Event type

        if (objectEventObj.Type == "uuid") { /* got uuid metadata related event */ }
        else if (objectEventObj.Type == "channel") { /* got channel metadata related event */ }
        else if (objectEventObj.Type == "membership") { /* got membership related event */ }
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(objectEventObj));
    },
    // Message actions
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNMessageActionEventResult msgActionEvent)
    {
        var channelName = msgActionEvent.Channel; // The channel to which the message belongs
        var msgEvent = msgActionEvent.Action; // Message action added or removed
        var msgActionType = msgActionEvent.Event; // Message action type
        var messageTimetoken = msgActionEvent.MessageTimetoken; // The timetoken of the original message
        var actionTimetoken = msgActionEvent.ActionTimetoken; // The timetoken of the message action
    },
    // Files
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNFileEventResult fileEvent)
    {
        // Handle file message event
        var channelName = fileEvent.Channel;
        var chanelGroupName = fileEvent.Subscription;
        var fieldId = (fileEvent.File != null) ? fileEvent.File.Id : null;
        var fileName = (fileEvent.File != null) ? fileEvent.File.Name : null;
        var fileUrl = (fileEvent.File != null) ? fileEvent.File.Url : null;
        var fileMessage = fileEvent.Message;
        var filePublisher = fileEvent.Publisher;
        var filePubTT = fileEvent.Timetoken;
    },
    // Status
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNStatus pnStatus)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", pnStatus.Operation, pnStatus.Category, pnStatus.StatusCode);
        var affectedChannelGroups = pnStatus.AffectedChannelGroups; // The channel groups affected in the operation, of type array
        var affectedChannels = pnStatus.AffectedChannels; // The channels affected in the operation, of type array
        var category = pnStatus.Category; // Returns PNConnectedCategory
        var operation = pnStatus.Operation; // Returns PNSubscribeOperation
    }
    ));

Go to SDK

import (
    pubnub "github.com/pubnub/go"
)

listener := pubnub.NewListener()

go func() {
    for {
        select {
        case signal := <-listener.Signal:
            // Channel
            fmt.Println(signal.Channel)
            // Subscription
            fmt.Println(signal.Subscription)
            // Payload
            fmt.Println(signal.Message)
            // Publisher ID
            fmt.Println(signal.Publisher)
            // Timetoken
            fmt.Println(signal.Timetoken)
        case status := <-listener.Status:
            switch status.Category {
            case pubnub.PNDisconnectedCategory:
                // This is the expected category for an unsubscribe. This means there
                // was no error in unsubscribing from everything.
            case pubnub.PNConnectedCategory:
                // This is expected for a subscribe. This means
                // there is no error or issue whatsoever.
            case pubnub.PNReconnectedCategory:
                // This usually occurs if subscribe temporarily fails but reconnects.
                // This means there was an error but there is no longer any issue.
            case pubnub.PNAccessDeniedCategory:
                // This means that PAM doesn't allow this client to subscribe to this
                // channel and channel group configuration. This is another explicit error.
            }
        case message := <-listener.Message:
            // Channel
            fmt.Println(message.Channel)
            // Subscription
            fmt.Println(message.Subscription)
            // Payload
            fmt.Println(message.Message)
            // Publisher ID
            fmt.Println(message.Publisher)
            // Timetoken
            fmt.Println(message.Timetoken)
        case presence := <-listener.Presence:
            fmt.Println(presence.Event)
            // Channel
            fmt.Println(presence.Channel)
            // Subscription
            fmt.Println(presence.Subscription)
           // Timetoken
            fmt.Println(presence.Timetoken)
           // Occupancy
            fmt.Println(presence.Occupancy)
        case uuidEvent := <-listener.UUIDEvent:
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Channel: %s", uuidEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.SubscribedChannel: %s", uuidEvent.SubscribedChannel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Event: %s", uuidEvent.Event))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.UUID: %s", uuidEvent.UUID))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Description: %s", uuidEvent.Description))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Timestamp: %s", uuidEvent.Timestamp))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Name: %s", uuidEvent.Name))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.ExternalID: %s", uuidEvent.ExternalID))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.ProfileURL: %s", uuidEvent.ProfileURL))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Email: %s", uuidEvent.Email))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Updated: %s", uuidEvent.Updated))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.ETag: %s", uuidEvent.ETag))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("uuidEvent.Custom: %v", uuidEvent.Custom))
        case channelEvent := <-listener.ChannelEvent:
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Channel: %s", channelEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.SubscribedChannel: %s", channelEvent.SubscribedChannel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Event: %s", channelEvent.Event))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Channel: %s", channelEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Description: %s", channelEvent.Description))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Timestamp: %s", channelEvent.Timestamp))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Updated: %s", channelEvent.Updated))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.ETag: %s", channelEvent.ETag))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("channelEvent.Custom: %v", channelEvent.Custom))
        case membershipEvent := <-listener.MembershipEvent:
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Channel: %s", membershipEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.SubscribedChannel: %s", membershipEvent.SubscribedChannel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Event: %s", membershipEvent.Event))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Channel: %s", membershipEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.UUID: %s", membershipEvent.UUID))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Description: %s", membershipEvent.Description))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Timestamp: %s", membershipEvent.Timestamp))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("membershipEvent.Custom: %v", membershipEvent.Custom))
        case messageActionsEvent := <-listener.MessageActionsEvent:
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Channel: %s", messageActionsEvent.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.SubscribedChannel: %s", messageActionsEvent.SubscribedChannel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Event: %s", messageActionsEvent.Event))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionType: %s", messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionType))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionValue: %s", messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionValue))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionTimetoken: %s", messageActionsEvent.Data.ActionTimetoken))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("messageActionsEvent.Data.MessageTimetoken: %s", messageActionsEvent.Data.MessageTimetoken))
        case file := <-listener.File:
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.File.PNMessage.Text: %s", file.File.PNMessage.Text))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.File.PNFile.Name: %s", file.File.PNFile.Name))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.File.PNFile.ID: %s", file.File.PNFile.ID))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.File.PNFile.URL: %s", file.File.PNFile.URL))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.Channel: %s", file.Channel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.Timetoken: %d", file.Timetoken))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.SubscribedChannel: %s", file.SubscribedChannel))
            fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("file.Publisher: %s", file.Publisher))
        }
    }
}

Go to SDK

# The Python SDK doesn't currently support *Server Objects*,
# so it doesn't have any handlers for them.

class SubscribeHandler(SubscribeCallback):
  def status(self, pubnub, event):
    print("Is there an error? ", event.is_error()) # Method showing error or not
    print("Status value for category: %s" % event.category)
    print("Status value for error_data: %s" % event.error_data)
    print("Status value for error: %s" % event.error)
    print("Status value for status_code: %s" % event.status_code)
    print("Status value for operation: %s" % event.operation)
    print("Status value for tls_enabled: %s" % event.tls_enabled)
    print("Status value for uuid: %s" % event.uuid)
    print("Status value for auth_key: %s" % event.auth_key)
    print("Status value for origin: %s" % event.origin)
    print("Status value for client_request: %s" % event.client_request)
    print("Status value for client_response: %s" % event.client_response)
    print("Status value for original_response: %s" % event.original_response)
    print("Status value for affected_channels: %s" % event.affected_channels)
    print("Status value for affected_groups: %s" % event.affected_groups)
  def presence(self, pubnub, presence):
      pass  # Handle incoming presence data
  def message(self, pubnub, message):
      pass  # Handle incoming messages
  def signal(self, pubnub, signal):
      pass # Handle incoming signals
  def file(self, pubnub, file_message):
      pass # Handle incoming files

  pubnub.add_listener(SubscribeHandler())

The following is an overview of each of the listener's event handlers. Details about the data passed to the handlers' parameters will be explained in the API sections of the associated handlers.

Handler	Description
Status	Receives events when the client successfully connects (subscribes), or reconnects (in case of connection issues) to channels. There are other error events that can be received by the Status handler; refer to Connection Management and to the tip that follows this table.
Message	Receives all messages published to all the channels subscribed by the client. The event payload will contain the published message data, publish timetoken, the UUID of the client that published the message and more. Refer to Publish Messages.
Signal	Receives all signals that are sent to any channels subscribed by the client. The event payload will contain the signal data, signal timetoken, the UUID of the client that published the message and more. Refer to Send Signals.
Presence	Receives all presence events that are triggered on any channels subscribed by the client. The event payload will contain the presence event type (join, leave, timeout, state-change), timetoken of the action, the UUID of the client that caused the event, state data (if applicable) and more. Refer to Detect Presence.
MessageAction	Receives all events when existing messages are annotated (by an action) for any channels subscribed by the client. The event payload will contain the UUID that acted on the message, message action type (such as an emoji reaction), timetoken of the annotated message, timetoken of the action, action value and more. Refer to Message Actions.
Objects	Receives all objects events that are emitted when a channel, channel membership, or user metadata is created, updated or removed. Refer to Channel Metadata and User Metadata.

Status event handling

For more information on how the SDKs handle status events, refer to SDK troubleshooting and status event references.

Architectural Decisions

For a straightforward use case, go through the architecture decisions page. For advanced use cases where you may want to aggregate messages on the server, refer to the server message aggregation guide. And, for building a social app, please go through building friend lists and status feeds.

Next Steps

Visit Publish Message to publish your first message.